Ethical Issues in Healthcare Research Essay - 771 Words

There are many ethical issues in the healthcare field. These issues range from insurance coverage, senior care, childhood immunizations, beneficence, abortion, medicinal marijuana, honesty and medical research (Fritzsche, D., 2004). Today we will discuss the ethical concerns in only one aspect of heath care and that topic is research (Benatar, S., 2000). Medical research is necessary in order to make strides in health care, introduce new medications, to discover new symptoms and disorders and to test new treatment options for current medical problems. Students of medicine, universities and pharmaceutical companies conduct this research primarily. Much of this research is time consuming and costly, therefore obtaining funding is not†¦show more content†¦This ethical dilemma is clearly a teleological in nature because the outcome is the only thing that is focused on and on the means. Additionally this type of unethical behavior tests these products on individuals that are unlike the individuals the products are being tested for. The developing countries often times are from generations of families that have not had clean drinking water, immunizations, medical care and are malnutrition. Meaning that the side effects and treatment guidelines are based on the data provided form test subjects in that are unhealthy and disadvantaged from the beginning (London AJ). Exploiting the individuals in developing countries for the benefit of helping individuals in developed countries to save money is as repulsive as child labor. These companies are clearly putting the health and well-being on people to save money, them bypassing the laws to save money and avoid regulations and protocols of the United States. The low standard of medical treatment these companies are providing in addition to the slave labor wages is preposterous to say the least. Many major pharmaceuticals companies make sure to inform the public of all the free medicines they donate to developing countries. One would think that is the least they can do considering these products were probably tested on them years ago, and let us not forget the taxShow MoreRelatedEthics Of The Health Care Industry995 Words   |  4 PagesEthics in Healthcare Marketing Ethics in the health care industry are one of the most important cornerstones of patient care. Making ethical decisions, being vigilant in the lack of ethical decision making, and being proactive in the reporting and advancement of ethical practices are important factors for marketing professionals such as physicians and other health care professionals to be wary of. Conduct by pharmaceutical representatives and ethical practices in the marketing of pharmaceuticalRead MoreResidential Schools : Residential School System Setup For Aboriginal Children Essay1079 Words   |  5 Pageschildren died at residential schools due to maltreatment (FNHA, n.d., para. 22; UBC, 2004, para. 1-3). After exploring and analyzing the literature and understanding the history which affects the issue at hand, it is possible to view this issue through historical, political, social, cultural and ethical lens to better understand the situation as it is today. Colonialist policies were put in place, which segregated and marginalized AP which affected the dominant culture views as to what behaviours/attitudesRead MoreThe Affordable Care Act Of The United States1609 Words   |  7 Pagesalone, access to healthcare is a crucial topic of discussion principally as the American government continues to create initiatives and legislation such as the 2010 Affordable Care Act. Although, the United States has come a long way to legally create access to care to all its citizens, there is a disparity in the number of individuals that in actuality receive healthcare due to the geography of cities and the nation. Presently, telehealth is recognized as the use of remote healthcare that includesRead MoreChallenges Facing The Health Care Industry1626 Words   |  7 PagesThe purpose of this research is to explore the top challenges facing the health care industry. These challenges were examined to identify the impact that the patient, their families, and providers are faced with under the new ACA reform. This research briefly analyze the causes of health care cost increased, the shortage of healthcare workforce related to demographic changes of aging population and professional providers responsibilities to practice within the code of ethics. A solution is recommendedRead MoreMemorization is Not Needed with the Internet Essay672 Words   |  3 Pagesthe most important realizations I have made during my educational journey is the knowledge that I cannot memorize all content. Due to this fact, having easy access to resources as needed is of great benefit. Knowing that there are varied and comple x issues in the Ethics of Health Care, below are seven websites to use as a reference: The World Health Organization (WHO) (http://www.who.int/ethics/en/) is an important website because it provides data and statistics on topics that matter not only to publicRead MoreEthical Issues Of The Healthcare Essay756 Words   |  4 PagesEthical Systems in Healthcare Ethical Issues in Healthcare â€Å"If you don’t have integrity, you have nothing. You can’t buy it. You can have all the money in the world, but if you are not a moral and ethical person, you really have nothing†. –Henry Kravis - The American healthcare system delivers some of the finest care in the world. However, despite the high level of achievement delivered from the American healthcare system, it is afflicted with problems. Ethical issues that occur in the healthcareRead MoreHealth Policy And Bioethics : Telehealth And Ethical Issues1591 Words   |  7 PagesNUR 562 Health Policy Bioethics: Telehealth and Ethical Issues As populations around the world continue to grow, it becomes more evident that health services provided worldwide are not growing at the same rate and instead will continue to put further strain on existing health disparities, and create new ones. In the United States alone, access to healthcare is a crucial topic of discussion principally as the American government continues to create initiatives and legislation such as the 2010 AffordableRead MoreEthical Issues And Nursing Relevance922 Words   |  4 PagesEthical Issues and Nursing Relevance The modern nature of telehealth has created a dialogue about ethical issues and its relevance to nursing, specifically advance practice nursing. Preserving the nurse-patient relationship is an ethical issue that remerges. This ethical factor can be especially relevant to nursing practice and patient outcomes. It can be argued that it is not feasible to make discriminate and safe judgment calls remotely, especially ones requiring the advanced practice nurse toRead MoreHow Dnr Causes an Ethical Dilemma Essay1694 Words   |  7 PagesRunning Head: HOW DNR CAUSES AN ETHICAL DILEMMA How DNR Causes an Ethical Dilemma Deann Morgan HCA 322, Health Care Ethics and Medical Law Dr. David Cole January 22, 2010 Abstract This paper will present an argument of how the process of do not resuscitate (DNR) results in an ethical dilemma for workers in the healthcare field. In presenting the argument, thisRead MoreAPRN Case Study1042 Words   |  5 Pagesdifferent requirements for this particular situation, with 19 states allowing for independent, autonomous practice whereas the remaining states have different levels of oversight, collaboration or supervision by medical providers. How do you think healthcare reform and the Affordable Care Act have influenced your role as an APRN? Nurse A: â€Å"This continues to be a very difficult question for me to answer because it’s a bitter-sweet experience from a Nurse Practitioner’s perspective. Despite the increase

Marketing For The Silent Generation, Baby Boomers, And...

Marketing for the Silent Generation, Baby Boomers, and Female Harley Davidson riders Today’s marketer must take into consideration many generational differences when considering a marketing strategy for a product. Most products are intended for a massive audience, requiring the marketer to utilize an integrated marketing scheme to encompass all generations. Specialized products, being marketed to a specific sector, also have a unique opportunity to market directly to a target audience. Being aware of the differences in marketing to mass audiences and the targeting of specific groups, is a valuable arrow in the quiver of a marketer. Comparing the differences in the older generations gives the marketer an insight into how to mass market, while targeting the groups as a whole. There is also an interesting opportunity for the marketer to target a very specific group for specialized products. While the job of the marketer remains the same, the methodology must be different to reach the intended audiences. The Silent Generation The silent generation consists of those born between 1928 and 1945. This group grew up during the Great Depression and World War II. These two major facts helped to shape the attitudes and habits of the generation. This sector of the population encompasses approximately fifty-five million consumers, the majority being retirees with great amounts of savings. Due to the fact they grew up during The Great Depression, has led to a veryShow MoreRelatedStrategic Marketing Management337596 Words   |  1351 PagesStrategic Marketing Management Dedication This book is dedicated to the authors’ wives – Gillian and Rosie – and to Ben Gilligan for their support while it was being written. Acknowledgements Our thanks go to Janice Nunn for all the effort that she put in to the preparation of the manuscript. Strategic Marketing Management Planning, implementation and control Third edition Richard M.S. Wilson Emeritus Professor of Business Administration The Business School Loughborough University

Develop Workplace Policy and Procedures for Sustainability free essay sample

As now that in this current economic climate is centred heavily around sustainable practises and the impacts on the environment. The policy is the start of a journey for WCC in which it will address this challenge of embedding the consideration of sustainability into all areas of council’s decision making, processes, planning, reporting and its operations. This policy includes three components which are: * Environmental * Social * Economic The significants and main objective of this report is simply to establish ways that will help the WCC implement a sustainability policy. This report will outline the benefits/recommendations of a sustainability policy, indicators of how to best communicate the policy to all stakeholders (internal and external), procedures that will ensure the improvement in resource efficiency, methods that will track and monitor the process of this sustainable policy implementation. Thus this report will outline the importance of a new sustainability policy in which will be the best way to move onward and upward into the future. Benefits of a Sustainability Policy Planning and Policy Impact: A sustainability policy will assist council to comply with the requirements of the Local, State amp; Federal Governments legislations which requires that councils to have regard to the principles of Ecologically Sustainable Development within all of its Decision-making processes. The policy and its procedures will allow councils to be better equipped for the any proposed changes to in Local Government Planning and change of Legislation currently being drafted. This also aims to strengthen strategic focus, planning and reporting processes for councils. The policy will be aligned with the proposed mandatory themes of social, environmental, economic and governance. Also without a change to better sustainable practises the WCC will be at risk of losing benefits from the state government. Currently the state government is requiring institutional change of its grant recipients and it is unlikely that the WCC will continue to receive such grants if it does not change to a more sustainable means to meet this requirement. Ecological Sustainability: The development and implementation of the policy would assist WCC to meet its ommitment to sustainability. The Sustainability planning and reporting framework and associated action plan will assist WCC to plan and report on its activities across the quadruple bottom line of environmental, social, economic and governance considerations. Financial Impacts: The integration of the recommended policy can be undertaken within council’s existing budget or through opportunities for external fundi ng at either a local or regional level. Another significant factor is the savings on power, electricity, and resources in the long run. Risk Assessment: Simply no risks have been identified. By providing tools for the consideration of sustainability in all aspects of WCC processes, this project has the potential to enhance WCC’s risk management processes. Methods of Consultation/Communication of the policy WCC have a wide range of key stakeholders, thus continual engagement with these stakeholders is an absolute must. As is why there is a need for a variety of methods to be put in place in order to have continual consultation with all levels of stakeholders. WCC must engage staff of levels including Executive, senior and middle management groups as well as other staff from various departments. Methods of Consultation will include: * Regular work group meetings * One local and one regional workshop WCC, facilitated by external company experts in implementation and training in Sustainability Policies. * One on one interviews * One on one meetings * Informative project presentations * Ongoing email, memo and phone correspondence. As stated previously an internal memo (See appendix A) that will be sent out to all the key stakeholders of WCC. The memo will inform the key stakeholders that there is a push for a new sustainability policy to be implemented, give them an option to view the proposed policy and who they will need to contact. It will be also be made readably available as it will be placed on public exhibition in all Wollongong Local Government Areas for a period of no less than four weeks, in accordance with Council’s Community Engagement Policy. Set of Procedures that will Ensure Improvement in Resource Efficiency The goal for WCC is that Wollongong will become a community that can feel the future with confidence due to its: * An adequate and renewable supply of resources * A strong social fabric * A healthy environment And that the continual improvement in these three areas will help the WCC preserve and strengthen all forms of life for the long term, both locally and globally. That is why the WCC’s sustainability policy shall include the following Procedures to help ensure improvement in resource efficiency: Everyday Offices: Use of Recycled materials e. g. paper will now be bought from a recycling company. * The use of electricity will be cut down significantly with the installation of solar panels on roof tops of all major office buildings. Solar power will assist in the use of all electrical products such as computers, printer, lights (when needed) scanner, fax machine and even kitchen appliances in tea rooms etc . * Water tanks will be installed and the recycled water will be used in activities such as watering of plants and flowers, cleaning and even be used for toilets and other flushable needs. Environment: Protect and improve water, air, and soil quality: In all its operations and activities both internally and externally Council will take all reasonable steps to: * control its actions, and the actions of others over which it has influence, to prevent further damage to air, water and soil resources; * take all reasonable action to restore air, water and soil to as close to their natural state as is possible Social: Ensure all services, facilities and community amenities are accessible to everyone in all its operations and activities both internally and externally Council will take all reasonable steps to: * Insure a comparable level of access for all people to services, facilities and community amenities and communicate to the community the availability of these resources * Identify community needs and values as a basis for ensuring a minimum standard of appropriate service delivery to the community; * Co-operate and partner with other organisations in the provision of services, facilities and community amenities * Improve the accessibility of public transport. Economic: Use resources efficiently and responsibly in all its operations and activities both internally and externally Council will take all reasonable steps to: * minimise its use of resources such as energy, water, petroleum, construction materials and office materials * increase the use of renewable resources as a percentage of all materials used * Factor in the environmental and social as well as financial costs of projects, plans and strategies. Methods Used to Track amp; Monitor Continuous Improvement Several steps should be put into place in order to track and Monitor Improvements and other possible situations with the Sustainability policy. * Records will be compared in 12months to in order to map the potential and very likely savings of the policy. * A mapping system to monitor record and observe the usage of power, water and material water being consumed. Observation and monthly meetings to help identify improvements that the policy has successfully implemented and also to identify any defects or problems that may has also arisen from the implementation so that these may be fixed promptly and changes be made quickly and effectively to further prompt sustainability within the WCC. NOTE: There will be two ways and steps in which the records and mapping system methods of monitoring will operate. There will initially be a hard copy used to first write down information and data followed to be backed in a soft copy format, however the soft copy will be more detailed the specifics and have more information of the success of these implementations. Conclusion In the road ahead a series of questions need to be asked: * Where are we now? * Where we are currently headed? * Where do we want to go? * How do we get there? * How are we going? Now that there is this need for a more sustainable future entering the current economic climate which is centred heavily around sustainable practises and the impacts on the environment. Organisations must be Sustainable in order to meet the needs of the present demand. It is being environmentally friendly to help reduce such things as pollution, water wastage, electrical use, resource waste and ultimately clear the path for a cleaner future, not to mention the clear saving benefits and grants available to â€Å"green† organisations. That is why it is heavily recommended that the Sustainability Policy and its procedure be put in place so that the WCC can do its part in ensuring a cleaner future. PART2: Wollongong City Council Sustainability Policy The following consideration of the importance of environmental sustainability and a commitment to be a benefit to the whole of Wollongong, Wollongong City Council is an organisation with responsibilities to represent and serve the community which supports it. Long term sustainability is a recognised objective of the community and Council has an obligation to show leadership and commitment in the achievement of sustainability objectives. Wollongong City Council will safeguard the economic, social and environmental well-being of present and future generations. It will do this through careful planning and decision-making that aims to avoid any harmful local and global effects of its actions. HOW WILL THE WCC KEEP THIS COMMITMENTON GOING IN THE LONG RUN? Environment a) Protect and improve water, air, and soil quality; b) Protect and expand habitat for all forms of life; and c) Work in harmony with natural ecosystems. Social a) Improve the well being of all people; b) Ensure services, facilities and community amenities are accessible to all people; and c) Encourage people to participate constructively in the community. Economic a) Use resources efficiently and responsibly; ) Help reduce the impacts of poverty; and c) Encourage a strong local economy. WCC will comply with all relevant legislation and the regulations for sustainability, and also strive to achieve international best practice for the Wollongong area. We have appointed Mr T. Stark, Head of WCC’s environmental Conservation of parks and Aquatic land sites as the Sustainabilit y Co-ordinator, who has responsibility for ensuring ongoing environmental performance, identification of environmental risks, recording and monitoring of impacts and implementing environmental and social sustainability. Special considerations will be given to employing and empowering the local staff and wherever efficient and environmentally sustainable, products and services will be sourced locally. We encourage staff to present our commitment to environmental and social sustainability, and our status under the Green Globe programme to our guests, suppliers, contractors, agents and wholesalers. An internal memo (See appendix A) that will be sent out to all the key stakeholders of WCC. The memo will inform the key stakeholders that there is a push for a new sustainability policy to be implemented, give them an option to view the proposed policy and who they will need to contact. It will be also be made readably available as it will be placed on public exhibition in all Wollongong Local Government Areas for a period of no less than four weeks, in accordance with Council’s Community Engagement Policy. Signed: Name: Mr. Tony Stark, Head of WCC’s environmental Conservation of parks and Aquatic land sites. Date: 20th September 2012 NOTE: This policy is a public document to be on display, a copy may be given to anyone. The organisation invites staff, guests and the community to suggest ways to further achieve best practice environmental and social sustainability. This policy will be reviewed by the end of 2013 and subsequently every year. PART3: 12 Months Progression Report This report is a follow up of the previous report. The sustainability policy was successfully implemented into Wollongong City Council (WCC). The following report addresses the success and any concerns with the sustainability report implemented just over 12months ago. As a result the statistics support the implementation of the policy. Water use in offices has been significantly reduced with the installation of 4 large water tanks, a further 10 industrial sized water tanks we installed in the Botanical Gardens. The Tanks are used for water to flush the toilets, water on ground gardens as well as water and maintain the Gardens of the Botanical Gardens. Water Usage has been successfully minimized by a staggering 30%. This was significantly minimized within the first 3 months, with the average water consumption minimizing by 100 litres per day. This proves that the instillation of the new water tanks has been a major sustainable change throughout the departments within the WCC. Electricity has also been reduced throughout the WCC buildings. The use of solas panels has proved to be success. It has seen the reduction of electricity used almost cut by 28%. The figures suggest that the sustainability policy has been nothing but successful for the WCC. As WCC is the local council they are taking a leading role and becoming a bench mark for the rest of our local community in sustainability thus making the way for a more sustainable future. However a few recommendations have been identified to simply improve on current procedures. These recommendations include sustainability report reviews. It is hopefully that recommendations such as this will help form part of a new initiative called the Sustainability Policy road map which will be developed to assist integration of this as well as many other Policies into the WCC’s operations. This action plan will include specific timeframes and opportunities for partnerships to implement the actions. Appendix A Wollongong City Council â€Å"City Of Innovation† TO: All Stakeholders FROM: Mr Tony Stark (Head of WCC’s environmental Conservation of parks and Aquatic land sites) DATE: 19th of September 2012 SUBJECT: Implementation of Sustainability Policy This memo is to inform all Stakeholders within Wollongong City Council that there has recently been a sustainability policy implemented. There will be a copy of the policy for all Stakeholders to read available to them on the WCC intranet. It will also be It will be also be made readably available as it will be placed on public exhibition in all Wollongong Local Government Areas for a period of no less than four weeks, in accordance with Council’s Community Engagement Policy. If anyone has any inquiries please do not hesitate to contact me during office hrs on the Human Resource Department contact number listed in our internal phone book or by email at anytime. Sincerely Yours Signed: Mr Tony Stark (Head of WCC’s environmental Conservation of parks and Aquatic land sites)

Smart Learning Plan

Question: Write an essay about the Smart Learning Plan. Answer: Activity 1 Mentors are responsible for ensuring that the nursing students are enough capable to conduct required and safe practice in the clinical area. For this, they need to identify the underperforming students and to manage them effectively (RCN, 2007). The mentors have experienced a situation, when learner shows underachievement behaviour. During the assessment, mentors have experienced that some learners were not responding to the feedback and they demonstrated lack of communication, interpersonal, motivational skills and professional behaviour (Duffy and Hardicre, 2007). The behaviour of underperforming learners included poor communication and interpersonal skills, unprofessional behaviour, inconsistent clinical performance and poor response. These were the behaviour shown by the learners. After determining underachieving performance of learner, mentor needs to take appropriate actions (Duffy and Hardicre, 2007). The behaviour issues were addressed by taking several steps. The performance concerns were discussed to the colleagues to take their views and opinions. The areas of weak performance were analyzed on the basis of available evidences (Duffy and Hardicre, 2007). These concerns were discussed to the learners for determining their knowledge and self-awareness regarding reasons of failure in achieving the placement standards of Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC). Constructive feedback was provided to the learners about their performance. With adequate evidences and supporting materials, mentors are informed learners regarding the areas of development and changes. The role of mentors in terms of accessing the performance of learners and giving them feedback was also discussed with them. Through this, learners were educated about the importance of mentoring in the development and learning process. After this, an action plan is proposed to the learners including development area, learning objectives, learning opportunities, success criteria, knowledge and sources as well as timeline (Sharples and Kelly, 2007). Through this, mentors were communicated the problems of learners with the well-defined solutions. This has allowed then mentors to address the underachieving performance of learners in systematic manner. High level of anxiety, depression, high absenteeism and lack of interest etc. were some other behaviour of underachieving learner might cause concern for the performance. This behaviour may cause difficulties for mentor to mentor the learners and to direct them for the developing weak areas. These behavioural cues of the learner may create challenge for mentors to manage the emotional consequences. Emotional reactions of the students are needed to be addressed by the mentor carefully. It creates highly comfortable situitauion in which it might difficult for mentor to guide the leaner (Duffy and Hardicre, 2007). Mentors need to take care of this emotional imbalance of the learner and to make them feel confident. The emotional imbalance behaviour might cause concern for learners performance. Activity 2 The recommended actions to support the leaner are critical for creating self-awareness among the leaner regarding learning need and difficulties. These would be effective to create sense of responsibility within the leaner for performance improvement. In accordance to (), the offering of time and opportunity for improvement to the learners can be an effective way to create competence to achieve the required level of performance. The recommended actions are quite important for giving opportunity and time for the improvements to the learners. It works as forcing driver to the improvement for the learners (Sharples and Kelly, 2007). Through this, the learning process of learners becomes self-directing. The recommended actions are quite important to create sense among learners that they are watching and observing. It may significant to improve the some students. In addition to this, action plan is quite significant to improve relationship between mentor and leaner. It creates clear picture for the expected performance of both that reduces conflicts. This strengthen relation their relation that make positive impact on the improvement level of learners (RCN, 2007). Additionally, recommended actions are also significant to control and manage the improvement process of learners and to guide them for achieving the desired level of performance. In order to support the learner at this stage, it is important for mentor to identify the learning style of mentee and to make them to feel warm and welcome (Sharples and Kelly, 2007). Mentors awareness for the learning style of learner can be effective to choose more relevant action and sources of leaning. Apart from this, an action plan can also be developed to ensure clear communication and supportive relationship with the learners and to support them at this stage. With these actions, mentor can persuade behaviour and actions for developing and learning required knowledge and skills (Duffy and Hardicre, 2007). The action plan is depicted in below figure: Formative Action Plan Learning Outcomes/Areas for Development Learning Resources/ Actions Evidences of Achievement Achievement/ Review Date Lack of ability to prioritise care Read the Code for nurses and midwife, provided by NMC Read Guidance on professional conduct of NMC guidelines for nursing and midwifery students (NMC, 2008) Discuss with registered midwife/nurse about the procedure of giving care to patients Consider the NMC guideline, while giving care to the patient Mentors observation of practice of the skills and abilities of providing care Theoretical knowledge about prioritise care needs Conversation with mentor After 15 days High absenteeism Read the Code for nurses and midwives, provided by NMC Regular presence in register Feedback from the multiple teams After 30 days Lack of skills to manage medicines Observe the registered midwife/nurse during the administration of medicine Communicate and discuss with the registered midwife/nurse regarding the process of managing drugs Read NMC guidelines the administration of medicine Adhere the NMC guidelines and their application, while managing medicines Mentors observation Feedback from the multiple teams Obtaining feedback from the patients After 20 days Poor documentation of treatment Observe registered midwife/nurse in documenting the conditions of patient Read the existing documents to understand way of documenting Perform documentation of treatment with accompanying registered midwife/nurse Preparation of mock documents Mentors observation After 25 days Preceptor Signature: Learner Signature: Date: Date: The above action plan is developed to promote self-directing learning attitude in the underachieving learner. This will allow learner to develop improvement areas, which are critical for getting placement. Activity 3 Mentors face considerable challenges in supporting the underachieving/failing learners. After taking certain improvement efforts, mentor decides to fail/ not fail a learner. According to Duffy (2003), this is one of the most challenging aspects of mentors role and due to this it requires special attention. Below are some sentences, which influence on the decision to fail / not fail a learner is also depicted: This statement could influence the way of deciding fail / not fail a learner. It can make mentor to consider the leaners attitude and behaviour at the time of giving treatment to the patients. The learners performance in the nurse education programme could not only be considered by mentor to give certification of qualified nurse (Skingley et al. 2007). The accurate application of the education in practice is one of the important factors for ensuing safety of patient. Without considering this aspect, it is quite difficult to assess the competency of learner and to provide them nursing certification (Peate et al., 2014). In this way, it could induce mentor to consider practice aspect to fail / not fail a learner. The statement indicates that good assessment is critical aspect of mentors role and responsibilities in the clinical field. They are accountable to assess the learners capabilities, knowledge and skill in terms of providing safe and effective care to the public. It could influence mentor to evaluate learners capabilities and decision to fail/or not fail. It is quite difficult to ensure complete competencies in the learner and due to this it induces mentors to access them in considering satisfactory level of performance (Sharples and Kelly 2007). The satisfactory level of learner makes mentor to pass learners and place them as nurse. In this way, this statement could influence decision to fail/or not fail. This statement indicates that failing of some learners in achieving the success in getting placement examination is an obvious aspect. It is an expected result of the assessment in the field of nursing education and practice. Mentors do not ignore to fail incompetent learner for protecting themselves from the related issues. They will face issues in terms of supporting and guiding the fail learners. Mentors need to solve them for the better performance assessment. This could encourage mentor to access the performance of learners more accurately and to fail those have less competency to provide safe and effective care to the public (RCN, 2007). In order to manage situation of leaners failure, mentor needs to provide feedback and to develop an action plan with required evidences and documents. Activity 4 The main accountability of a mentor is to access the performance of leaner with the described process of NMC for taking decision of failing or passing him/her with having sufficient evidences regarding the decisions. Mentor is responsible for justifying the decision for a leaner with adequate supportive evidences and documents (RCN, 2007). In the given situation, Barbra should access the methods of assessing nursing practice, which both used. It would be useful to determine the reliability of the evidences and to support the decisions. In accordance to Peate et al. (2014) there are several methods such as observation, patient feedback, simulation, etc. used to access performance of the learner in the clinical field. The application of different methods helps to evaluate reliability and validity of results. After this, Barbra should confirm the evaluation of all factors, which are needed to evaluate the performance of Anne as learner. Several factors such as skill, knowledge, clinical practice, etc. should be considered to evaluate the performance of learner. If disagreement remains than Barbra should take guidance from the senior healthcare professional and other responsible institutes namely Higher Education Institutes (HEI). HEIs are accountable to provide established communication systems to address the issues related to the progress of leaner (Duffy, 2004). The issue can be linked to the lectures and practice education facilitators (PEFs) for getting guidance and support on timely basis. This would be effective for Barbra to collect the required evidences for supporting the decisions of failing learner (Scholes and Albarran, 2005). It could help mentor to give right judgement regarding the progress of learner and to justify it for he is accountable. The above steps could be used by mentor to solve the issues related to the decision of making a leaner fail. These steps would be useful for mentor to create strong basis of judgement and to justify it to the responsible institutes and authorities. It may help mentor to fulfil responsibilities for the reliable assessment of mentor Activity 5 The failing decision can influence the emotions and reactions of mentor and learner both. In accordance to Maloney et al. (1997), frustration, fear, concern, resistance, ambivalence and anxiety are some affects a leaner have on the mentors. These effects can occur, when mentor fails a learner in the clinical field. The type of effect influences the reaction of an individual in the situation. The reaction as mentor might concern, when I had to fail a learner. I experienced stress due to conflict among the roles of teacher, evaluator and supporter. The situation was perceived as reflection of the effectiveness of teaching and supporting methods. At that time, concern for own skills and knowledge in teaching the leaner has developed. Due to this, some nurses pass the clinical assessment without having required knowledge and skills. It creates failing to fail situation that affect mentors ability to fulfil responsibilities (Duffy, 2003). According to Duffy (2003), personal consequences, personal issues, experience and confidence and late identification of failure are some reasons due to which mentor fail to fail the students. In the words of Dwyer and McMillan (1970), there is a need to adapt the teaching style that fulfils learning needs of the learners. The match between teaching style and learning approach is critical for the success of learner. Arthurs (2007) supports above views and indicates that teaching style has significant influence on the learning consequences of the students. By using relevant learning strategies, learning of students can be enhanced by the nurse educators. Tulbure (2011) also states that better learning outcomes can be achieved through the application of teaching strargties relevant to the leaning preferences and needs of students. Teachers style of teaching the students influences the outcomes of learning in the effective manner. The concerns for own skills and competencies might the re action at the event of student failure. The other reaction might include abusing the power to fail a learner. It could have been used as a tool to control and punish the difficult learner. The above reactions might occur in the situation of failing a leaner. Activity 6 In the situation of failure, learner reacts in several manners. Stuart (2003) discusses and states that leaner may react in the situation of failure differently. Denial, bargaining, anger, sadness and relief are some reactions of failed leaner at the situation. These are some responses of a failure learner, when they get failure results. Learners may show disagreement for the perception of mentor for their performance due to which they make excuses and shows anxiety. Mentor needs to approach the reactions of learner in differnrnet manner. Denial response might be managed by having discussion on the learning outcome and related evidences that students failed to achieve. It could be effective to influence the reactions of students positively. Bargaining reaction means student tries to convince mentor for providing pass grade. Mentor might manage this reaction by standing on own opinions regarding the performance of learner and focusing on unachieved learning outcomes. On the other hand, learner may cry after knowing the result. For having meaningful discussion with the learner and managing the situation, mentor allows learner to cry and to express their sad feeling (Duffy and Hardicre, 2007). The learner may abuse the mentor and become aggressive. If mentors expect this behaviour than they ensure existence of other responsible authority such as HEI, PEF, etc. This helps mentor to maintain dignity and respect. Learners may plan to leave the desire of becoming registered nurse. In such situation, mentor encourage learner to do more hard work and to guide them (Stuart, 2003). In contrast to this, some learners takes failure as lesson and make more efforts to achieve success. It is rare reaction of learner at the time of fail ure. Activity 7 Mentor provides evidence for demonstrating the level of leaners performance. In the given case, mentor might use range of evidences to show reach at the decision of Amandas underachievement. The initial learning plan between mentor and learner might be reviewed to determine the use of evidences for making final decision regarding the performance of learner. Observation of practice, pee evaluation, self-assessment, mock documents, etc. some evidences might be used by me to decide the underachievement state of the learner. It could have helped to give enough evidence for showing lack of skill and knowledge in the learners in terms of prioritizing care and co-ordinate needs of the patients (Peate et al., 2014). These documents might be helpful in accessing the performance of Amanda and ensuring underachievement situation. In the words of Clynes and Raftery (2008), performance feedback is critical component in nursing education as it helps leaner to make required improvement on the regular basis. This allows leaner and mentor to improve clinical practice. The feedback to the learner would be provided in the private for ensuring open communication regarding the performance aspect. The evidences would be provided to support negative or positive feedback about the performance. For example: lack of skills and knowledge of prioritising patients needs of Amanda would be explained with the evidences such as observation sheet, peer evaluation, etc. It could be effective in developing trustworthy relationship between Amanda and learner. The whole discussion would be cantered on the performance level and learning needs of the learner. The comparison of learner with the other one would be avoided throughout the discussion. According to Clynes and Raftery (2008), feedback should include status of current performance and practical advices for the improvement. The feedback session with Amanda will also include the some practical suggestions for helping her in improving the skills of prioritizing and co-ordinating care. Through this, constructive feedback would be given to the learner. In each discussion, behaviour of leaner would be observed to determine the impact of feedback. This could help in determining Amandas preferable feedback method. Through this, feedback strategy would be changed for benefiting the student. Specific and clear feedback would be given to the leaner after the event for ensuring learners right understanding about the development needs (RCN, 2007). In the practice of clinical assessment, collaboration with the others in work is critical to identify and address the development needs of the leaner. It allows mentor to guide and support leaner in the best possible way. The major way of working collectively will be the proper documentation of objective evidences as it would be effective to create a basis of discussion with the other members of the team. Through this, the relevant discussion would be conducted to with the team regarding the performance of the learners (Peate et al., 2014). Beside this, the ways of supporting and supervising the performance of learner would be developed by having discussion with the team members. It would be useful to access the leaners learning needs and style and to seek the support of team members. On the other hand, HEI support would be taken through different mediums such PEF, education champion, tutor, etc. This would also be effective in attaining support for the assessment of learners perform ance. The clear documentation regarding the learning outcomes, possible process and methods of assessment, description over required evidences, etc (RCN, 2007). would be the key to get support from the team to identify and address learning needs of the student. Below an action plan is developed to improve the performance of Amanda in nursing practice and to enhance confidence level: Formative Action Plan Student Name: Mentor Name: Learning Outcomes/Areas for Development Learning Resources/ Actions Evidences of Achievement Achievement/ Review Date Prioritising and co-ordinating care needs Review NMC code of conduct for the nurses and midwife Review professional guidance of NMC for the nursing students NMC guidelines application to give care Take guidance to registered nurses and midwife Observe the practice of registered nurses Discussion with the mentor Gain support and guidance from the HEI Observation of mentor Observation of other team Considering patient feedback Discussion with the other mentoring team Theoretical knowledge regarding the way of addressing care needs of patient Scheduling the care of patients After 20 Days Preceptor Signature: Learner Signature: Date: Date: The above action plan could be used by the mentor to improve Amandas skills and knowledge of prioritising and co-ordaining care needs of the patients. This may help the leaner to understand the healthcare needs of the patient and to prioritize them carefully. Proper communication would be established with the learner to guide them for understating care needs of patients and to schedule them properly (Peate et al., 2014). This could guide the learner to improve the skills and knowledge and to enhance the performance. If student failed to achieve required level of proficiency in determining, prioritising and co-ordinating needs of patient than other action would be taken. The preferred learning style of learner would be determined by accessing the behaviour and response on feedback. The change in teaching strategy may help to encourage learners for adopting required skills and knowledge. In accordance to Tulbure (2011), three types of learners such as visual, auditory and tactile/kinestic are mainly exist in the clinical practice and each has different preference regarding the learning method. Visual learners prefer to learn from gestures and picturesque language, whereas auditory prefers to learn from aural cues. Tactile/kinestic prefers to learn through practice. By determining learning style of learner, specific teaching and leadership style would be preferred by the mentor to support the learners for the skill and knowledge development. This may play critical role in making the learning proces s more interesting for the learners that could create positive outcomes. References Arthurs, J.B. (2007) A juggling act in the classroom: Managing different learning styles. Teaching and learning in nursing, 2(1), pp.2-7. Clynes, M.P. and Raftery, S.E. (2008) Feedback: an essential element of student learning in clinical practice. Nurse Education in Practice, 8(6), pp.405-411. Duffy, K. (2004) Mentors need more support to fail incompetent students. British Journal of Nursing 13 (10), pp. 583 Duffy, K. and Hardicre, J. (2007a) Supporting Failing Students in Practice 1: Assessment. Nursing Times 103 (47), 20-21 Duffy, K. and Hardicre, J. (2007b) Supporting Failing Students in Practice 2: Management. Nursing Times 103 (47), pp. 20-21 Duffy,K. (2003) Failing Students: A Qualitative Study of Factors that influence the Decisions Regarding Assessment of Students' Competence in Practice. Glasgow: Caledonian University. Maloney, D. Carmody, D. and Nemeth, E. (1997) Students Experiencing Problems Learning in the Clinical Setting. In McAllister, L. Lincoln, M. McLeod, S. and Maloney, D. (eds) McMillan, M. and Dwyer, J. (1990) Facilitating a match between teaching and learning styles. Nurse Education Today, 10(3), pp.186-192. Nursing and Midwifery Council (2008) Standards to Support Learning and Assessment in Practice. London: NMC Peate, I., Wild, K. and Nair, M. (2014) Nursing practice: knowledge and care. John Wiley Sons. Royal College of Nursing (2007) Guidance for mentors of students nurses and midwives: An RCN Toolkit. Royal College of Nursing: London. Scholes, J. and Albarran, J. (2005) Failure to fail: facing the consequences of inaction. Nursing in Critical Care 10 (3), pp. 23-27 Sharples, K. and Kelly, D. (2007) Supporting mentors in practice. Nursing Standard 21 (39), pp. 44-47. Stuart C. (2003) Assessment, Supervision and Support in Clinical Practice: A guide for nurses, midwives and other health professionals. (1st ed) London: Churchill Livingstone. Tulbure, C. (2011) Do different learning styles require differentiated teaching strategies?. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 11, pp.155-159.

The Idea of Belonging in Hillbilly Elegy by J.D. Vance, Between the World and Me by Ta

The Idea of Belonging in Hillbilly Elegy by J.D. Vance, Between the World and Me by Ta-Nehisi Coates and â€Å"The Search for My Tongue† by Sujata Bhatt Essay Many people consider themselves belonging to certain groups. For example, someone may belong to a country club, a team, or club. Each of these groups have something in common; the power of how influential they can be on a person. On a team, it is expected to set aside your time for games and practices. By having these commitments, you suddenly base your whole life off of them. This is a part of belonging. Belonging comes with many expectations and consequences, though it also causes people to feel things they can only feel by belonging. Through the book Hillbilly Elegy by J.D. Vance, he faces the many consequences of living the hillbilly lifestyle in his childhood but then gains a new perspective on his life as he matures. In the book Between the World and Me by Ta-Nehisi Coates, Coates struggles with his background and identity as he picks out bit by bit how much is really going on in the world within African American culture. Within the poem â€Å"The Search for My Tongue† b y Sujata Bhatt, Bhatt describes what it is like to truly identify as her native self rather than an ethnic English speaking woman who submerged herself into the English culture. The idea of belonging does not only refer to belonging to a physical place; belonging is what is felt within that gives a sense of security and comfort. We will write a custom essay on The Idea of Belonging in Hillbilly Elegy by J.D. Vance, Between the World and Me by Ta-Nehisi Coates and â€Å"The Search for My Tongue† by Sujata Bhatt specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Influencers change feelings and ideas towards the place of your belonging. In Hillbilly Elegy, J.D. Vance was poorly influenced by his parents when he was young and naive. Unexpectedly, one of the most influential people in his life was his Mamaw. Despite her pregnancies as a young teen and rickety hillbilly attitude, she was Vance’s crutch to lean on in the darkest moments of his youth. Through all of the out lashes from his mom and worries about school, Mamaw was always there to pick him up and give him a new perspective on his struggles. Mamaw believed in Vance, seeing that he was definitely not the one to live his own hillbilly lifestyle. She often remarked that if anyone in our family made it, it would be me. (129) Mamaw enforced self-dignity into Vance because she saw his potential that no one else had ever seen out of his hometown of Middletown, Ohio. In Coates case, one of his influences was the death of Trayvon Martin which he references in Between The World and Me. M artin was an innocent African American boy shot by a police officer and died, which soon brought a lot of attention towards the ideas of extreme racism and unnecessary fatalities of young African Americans. â€Å"†¦Racism is rendered as the innocent daughter of Mother Nature, and one is left to deplore the Middle Passage or Trail of Tears the way one deplores an earthquake, a tornado, or any other phenomenon that can be cast as beyond the handiwork of men. But race is the child of racism, not the father.† (7) Coates even refers back to the earliest examples of racism, such as slavery and the Middle Passage that has an immense impact on the self-acceptance of African Americans and their skin. Coates no doubt has pride in his colored skin, though he fears what ideas young minds get when they learn about situations such as Martin’s. Coates provides us with these examples of racism in real life, real people situations to give a sense of security and comfort to the fut ure of African Americans rather than being afraid to belong. .ube761dc5541783b55073b7835d7fe58d , .ube761dc5541783b55073b7835d7fe58d .postImageUrl , .ube761dc5541783b55073b7835d7fe58d .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ube761dc5541783b55073b7835d7fe58d , .ube761dc5541783b55073b7835d7fe58d:hover , .ube761dc5541783b55073b7835d7fe58d:visited , .ube761dc5541783b55073b7835d7fe58d:active { border:0!important; } .ube761dc5541783b55073b7835d7fe58d .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ube761dc5541783b55073b7835d7fe58d { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ube761dc5541783b55073b7835d7fe58d:active , .ube761dc5541783b55073b7835d7fe58d:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ube761dc5541783b55073b7835d7fe58d .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ube761dc5541783b55073b7835d7fe58d .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ube761dc5541783b55073b7835d7fe58d .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ube761dc5541783b55073b7835d7fe58d .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ube761dc5541783b55073b7835d7fe58d:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ube761dc5541783b55073b7835d7fe58d .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ube761dc5541783b55073b7835d7fe58d .ube761dc5541783b55073b7835d7fe58d-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ube761dc5541783b55073b7835d7fe58d:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Autism in Infants EssayMany people believe that you should â€Å"never forget where you came from†. It is tempting to conform and assimilate into other cultures, though your roots will always come back. In â€Å"The Search for My Tongue†, Sujata Bhatt expresses the struggles she faces with remembering her native language but living her everyday life using her foreign language, English. She does not fully forget her native language, it does come back in small doses, though it is never forgotten. But overnight while i dream it grows back, a stump of a shoot grows longer, grows moist grows strong veins† (lines 16-17). As she expresses, Bhatt’s native language is like no other to her. This language identifies her and always leads her back home no matter where in the world she is, to where she belongs. Perhaps if her feelings of belonging did not pertain to the language then she would move on to find that she belongs elsewhere, though that is not the case. Instead, this is the case for J.D. Vance. As much as he strayed away from the hillbilly lifestyle after the Marines and Ohio State, he will never forget how much he enjoyed a few hillbilly customs. â€Å"The wealthy and the powerful aren’t just wealthy and powerful; they follow a different set of norms and mores. †¦I took a Yale friend to Cracker Barrel. In my youth, it was the height of fine dining—my grandma’s and my favorite restaurant. With Yale friends, it was a greasy public health crisis.† (188) Even as a Yale Law student and all he has gone through, Vance still finds himself in a Cracker Barrel becau se it had such a positive impact on him when he was younger. There were not many special things in his life though Cracker Barrel with Mamaw was something memorable for him. Both Vance and Bhatt find comfort within miniscule parts of their past belonging. This guides them to find their true belonging that they could not find before due to their circumstances. It is easy to lose yourself if you force yourself into somewhere that you do not belong. For someone with no concept of identity, it is merely impossible to find your belonging. Coates did not fully develop his identity until he put all of the pieces of the puzzle together of racism towards African Americans. It was very uncomfortable for anyone of color to be immune to these sort of tragedies and events that were uncalled for. The entire narrative of this country argues against the truth of who you are. (99) By thoroughly dissecting the events that took place during Coates late teens and early twenties he discovered that within this whole mess he really could not be bothered. No matter how he identifies himself, what opinions he has, or how he presents himself there will always be someone to say something bad about you. If the truth is you are gay, then you are gay. You belong to the LGBT community. There will be many people who celebrate you, but there will always be an overwhelmin g amount of people who will harshly criticize you. It is how the world works. Vance, for example, was harshly criticized and thrown around by his parents. They were absolutely unsupportive and abusive when he innocently spoke to them about any accomplishment or aspiration of his. †¦but without my attitude, my childhood homes would have consumed me (246) Vance never had a true picture of â€Å"home† as a place in his head. Home was where he was treated horribly, and the location changed so often that the only place he could consider a home was Mamaw’s. Despite unstable, unhealthy environments Vance and Coates both feel free to identify as whatever they feel since they were restricted from that in their youth. .uc27cffa2715cbad6481c1c9a04539c8a , .uc27cffa2715cbad6481c1c9a04539c8a .postImageUrl , .uc27cffa2715cbad6481c1c9a04539c8a .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uc27cffa2715cbad6481c1c9a04539c8a , .uc27cffa2715cbad6481c1c9a04539c8a:hover , .uc27cffa2715cbad6481c1c9a04539c8a:visited , .uc27cffa2715cbad6481c1c9a04539c8a:active { border:0!important; } .uc27cffa2715cbad6481c1c9a04539c8a .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uc27cffa2715cbad6481c1c9a04539c8a { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uc27cffa2715cbad6481c1c9a04539c8a:active , .uc27cffa2715cbad6481c1c9a04539c8a:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uc27cffa2715cbad6481c1c9a04539c8a .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uc27cffa2715cbad6481c1c9a04539c8a .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uc27cffa2715cbad6481c1c9a04539c8a .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uc27cffa2715cbad6481c1c9a04539c8a .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uc27cffa2715cbad6481c1c9a04539c8a:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uc27cffa2715cbad6481c1c9a04539c8a .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uc27cffa2715cbad6481c1c9a04539c8a .uc27cffa2715cbad6481c1c9a04539c8a-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uc27cffa2715cbad6481c1c9a04539c8a:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Performance management EssayThe idea of belonging does not only refer to belonging to a physical place; belonging is what is felt within that gives a sense of security and comfort. The true beginning of belonging is to realize that no matter how you identify, there will always be a critic. If you truly identify as something, then that is your true identity that no one has control over. No matter where life takes you, you will always find your way back to your roots. There are certain people in your life that know much more than you ever will through experience; which is why you need to take their knowledge and make the best sense of it to you. No matter what, you are the o nly person that can feel your feelings and know where you belong.

International Brand Licensing Essay Sample

International Brand Licensing Essay Sample International Brand Licensing Essay Example International Brand Licensing Essay Example Brand licensing refers to a contract between a licensor and a licensee that entails the use of an intangible asset (Gardner 2012). This contract is related to leasing and renting of the intangible asset to another party who will be obliged to pay lease rentals to the licensor. The licensee usually seeks licensing from the licensor when the former intends to use a brand related to a particular product on a given territory (Battersby Simon 2011). Such a contract tends to aid in enhancing the acceptability of a particular product in a particular market. Sales volume of the licensee increases due to the consumer association with the brand name applied in marketing (Stim 2010). Companies that enjoy a good public image thus tend to lease out their brand name to other companies that would enable them to receive more income. Such a licensing agreement is ideal in an environment where the company has not initially established its business (Gardner 2012). Despite the fact that the licensor may enjoy a good public image, it may not be possible to establish business in all parts of the world (Alexander Lerner 2004). This is regardless of whether the business is a multinational company or not. Inability to establish operations is also contributed to the nature of the sphere in which the company operates (Reese 2011). For instance, Harvard University is a reputable institution based in the United States. However, the university may not be able to establish its branches in many countries of the world. This is due to the complexity of the subject matter and the challenges that are associated with decentralization as it may compromise the quality of learning (Alexander Lerner 2004). Being the worlds most reputable institution of higher learning, some institutions may attempt to offer their educational programs in collaboration with Harvard. This aims at marketing their educational programs as well as realizing revenue. In the telecommunications industry, Apple and Samsung, the two major competitors, have developed superior brands that are admired by many users in the world (Stim 2010). However, the manufacturing operations of these companies are conducted only in a few countries (Reese 2011). At times, there may not be adequate resources to manufacture enough products to satisfy the demands of the whole world. In addition, consumers in different parts of the world may not afford the brands produced by these companies (Battersby Simon 2011). This may render the firms unable to meet their targets in terms of sales volume and profitability. Due to the logistics related to the supply of these commodities, the firms may not have enough resources to access all the domains of the market. Therefore, this prompts the need for brand licensing contracts. Brand licensing contracts result in the mutual benefit of both parties to the contract. A licensee obtains improved market demand for his/her products (Gardner 2012). Based on the terms of the contract, the licensee pays regular amounts to the licensor for use of the brand and trademarks as royalties. Such a relationship reveals symbiosis in the operations; therefore organizations can help one another to maximize the value of their operations (Thorpe C. Bailey 2009). One of the pre-requisites for such a contract to be started is the existence of a general goal to be achieved by the two contracting individuals or companies. Proper drafting of the contract must be made in order to incorporate the interests of both contracting parties (Stim 2010). This thus requires a thorough understanding of the legal principles surrounding the existence of both contracting parties. In addition, the terms of the contract must be binding and must clearly stipulate the rights and responsibilities of ea ch of the parties (Battersby Simon 2011). It should also specify the grounds on which the contract is to be revoked. In other cases, intangible cases that can be subject to brand licensing include a song, a character, a name or any other particular product brand. For instance, an organization may use the identity of a famous person to advertise its products (Gardner 2012). This could range from any sphere including sports, music and other industries. The agreement between the person and the company would entail the person allowing his/her name to be used by the licensee to promote his/her products (Levy Judy 2011). Payments for the patent will then be remitted to the person. A licensee is also at liberty to sign more than one license contracts with many licensors for the sake of one product. This will create a multi-brand scenario (Alexander Lerner 2004). Organizations are thus able to experience a massive growth because of such brand contracts. Customer identity with the product is enhanced and therefore sales of the product as well as the profitability of the firm increase. For licensing contracts to be started, the parties involved follow various steps. The process begins by a licensor selecting the categories of products to be licensed (Thorpe Bailey 2009). A thorough search for the appropriate license then begins followed by the review of the terms and conditions of each of licensees. Negotiation of contract requirements thus occurs at this stage. Agreements on the consideration and duration of this contract are also discussed at this stage. This stage is then followed by the development of the prototype of the product and the incorporation of the brand particulars after which it is sent for approval to the management of both companies (Jean Bastien 2012). The licensee, at this stage, will develop samples and concepts about the brand particulars. Approval of the licensed products for sale then follows. The licensees should present the developed prototype to the licensor for approval as to whether that would work best to serve their interests (Batte rsby Simon 2011). Finally, the process is concluded as the licensees sell the licensed products to the authorized retailers. These retailers then distribute the products to the consumers. Branding creates the consumer acceptance of the product. In order for licensing to be a success, licensees usually prefer a brand name that would attract consumers and hence boost the sales of the product. The licensee should ensure that the contract leads to a positive net present value of the project in the end (Battersby Simon 2011). Any contract that does not lead to significant increase in sales volume and consumer preference should be re-evaluated to assess its economic viability. Such an evaluation can be made through the assessment of the market trends to derive a model that explains the market situation. This can be used to predict time series and performance trends of an organization. Cash flow forecasting is thus rendered appropriate in determining the success of the licensing agreement (Chevailer Mazzalovo 2012). Regression analysis is one of the most appropriate forecasting methods (Levy Judy 2011). It entails an analysis of the relationship between different variables affecting sales. A line of best fit can then be derived in order to represent such a relationship. As a result, it is possible to predict the expected trend of sales as time progresses and parameters vary. This enables the firm to make decisions on whether to continue with the licensing contract or not. It can also aid the licensee in deciding whether to incorporate other licensors in the license contract (Gardner 2012). Such a move will widen the scope of consumer acceptance of the product. In order to achieve the major financial objective of the firm, proper investment valuation is important (Stim 2010). The management should adopt effective capital budgeting decisions during the analysis in order to ensure that both parties benefit from the agreement (Jean Bastien 2012). This will ensure that they maximize the shareholders value. This project entails manufacture and sale of clothes in markets of different developing countries. The major factory will be located in Eldoret, Kenya. Different clothes will be manufactured including jerseys, jackets, T-shirts and trousers. These clothes are expected to be exported to various countries in the world. However, in order to attract more customers, the project will depend on a licensing contract that would involve signing contracts with the worlds best sportsmen (Levy Judy 2011). This includes football professionals like Cristiano Ronaldo and Lionel Messi. In order to penetrate the English market, Wayne Rooney would be important in marketing of the clothes manufactured. Since most of people in the world identify with sports, a brand containing the name of each of the sportsmen would increase market penetration. While initiating these brand-licensing contracts, the important legal principles should be considered including the statutory provisions applicable in the respective countries (Thorpe Bailey 2009). License terms should be clearly defined. This refers to the length of the contract. The terms regarding termination and extent of the agreement should be also defined in this contract (Chevailer Mazzalovo 2012). Territory is also a prerequisite in brand licensing. It defines the environment in which the product is supposed to be sold. Such an environment should be receptive to a particular brand name used by a company to market its products. For instance, in order to penetrate the Caribbean market, it is important to use the brand name of Usain Bolt, the worlds fastest sprinter from Jamaica. Clothes with the brand name of the athlete will be easily accepted in the market (Stim 2010). The African market will be easily accessed using the brand name of Didier Drogba. Provisions for renewal of such contracts should be also included in the agreement. After obtaining the trademark, the licensee will distribute the products to various markets without any limitations (Chevailer Mazzalovo 2012). A fraction of the net sales made will be shared with the licensor as per the contract agreement. International business risks In the respective markets, the major challenges that will be faced include recognition of the product among consumers who are not supporters and lovers of a particular sport. In addition to those who don’t like sports, some consumers do not identify with the personalities used to promote the product (Levy Judy 2011). Since each celebrity has his/her fans, it may be difficult to market the product to those who are not fans of the selected celebrity hence negatively affecting the market demand. It is also difficult to raise adequate funds to finance the production and marketing activities. Due to the robust marketing strategies involved, it is also difficult to sustain the increased demand (Jean Bastien 2012). This may lead to increased cases of stock-out costs. Such episodes of stock-outs affect the firm in a negative way due to the challenges related to dealing with disappointed customers. The back order costs associated with the episodes of stock-outs give an edge to the competitors of the company (Stim 2010). This will eventually result into losses suffered by the company. Inadequate infrastructure is also a major challenge especially in developing countries. This leads to challenges faced by an organization when transporting commodities to the market. Transportation of commodities in such market environments is associated with enormous costs hence increasing the overall cost of production (Jean Bastien 2012). Political stability in developing countries is also a major challenge to the success of business operations in such an environment. Due to political unrests, it is difficult to organize production activities in the market. Consumer purchasing power is also affected hence resulting to low sales. Foreign exchange risk also affects organizations involved in international trade (Chevailer Mazzalovo 2012). This is the fluctuation in exchange rates. Such fluctuations lead to foreign exchange losses hence affecting the overall performance of the organization. Due to diversity in the market environment, losses caused by non-performing branches will be o ffset against the profits generated by performing branches on the verge of consolidation of the financial statements. Cultural diversity will also affect the range of products produced by the firm (Stim 2010). This is due to the variations in the acceptable codes of conduct in different societies. Such societies prescribe values including modes of dressing. Some cultures also condemn participation of various members of the population in various sports, which will negatively affect the sales of the company (Jean Bastien 2012). Government policies enacted in the country of operation will also affect the survival of the business. Adverse policies will lead to reduced sales hence negatively affecting profitability of the firm. For instance, government may levy heavy taxes on foreign products to shield local industries from competition. This thus adversely affects the performance of the business. In order to overcome such risks, the organization should focus on identification of the values prevailing in the society. A thorough market survey should be conducted with an appropriate feasibility study to determine the expected trends of operations. In addition to using such brands, massive product promotion strategies should be adopted through other advertising media (Chevailer Mazzalovo 2012). Modern technology should also be embraced in order to ensure that quality production is done. The firm should focus on cost minimization as a method of ensuring that the shareholder value is maximized due to increased profit margins (Levy Judy 2011). Generated profits should also be invested to finance the increased range of operations as the company advances into new markets. Partnerships with various governments should also be encouraged in order to enhance the survival of the business (Stim 2010). The firm should be involved in corporate social responsibility in order to enhance acceptability of the products in the market. As the organization engages in activities that improve the welfare of its consumers, customer loyalty will increase hence consumption of the product will increase (Chevailer Mazzalovo 2012). This boosts sales as well as the overall profitability of the firm. Clear goals should also be set to guide various branch managers of the company. Such goals should be specific, measurable and achievable in order to avoid confusion. Appropriate performance reviews should be done and necessary corrective actions taken at necessary intervals (Jean Bastien 2012). This should also be associated with hiring of competent personnel and managers to run the operations of the business based on the company`s mission. Terms of License Agreements To come to an agreement with the sportsmen, various terms must be clearly defined. Clothes to be produced shall contain the brand names of the sportsmen inscribed on each item produced. Different brands shall be sold in different markets depending on the most popular athlete brand (Gardner 2012). However, other brands shall also constitute about 30% of the total supply in such markets to cater for the minority who do not identify with the dominant athlete in such an environment. Determination of the clothes to be manufactured shall depend on the prevailing customer tastes and preferences in the particular market t (Reese 2011). A thorough market research will therefore be conducted in order to come up with the best products that would meet consumer tastes and preferences. Proper records shall be kept concerning the quantity of each brand manufactured and sold in order to enhance effective accounting (Gardner 2012). Regular stocktaking shall be done to form the quantity basis for computing royalties that will be paid to the licensor. Royalty payment will be based on the volumes of commodities produced and sold (Jean Bastien 2012). This shall make up 10% of the contribution margin, which is the excess of the selling price over the variable cost per unit. The fixed costs related to the production of the commodities will be borne by the licensee. All royalty payments shall be paid to the licensee at the end of the accounting period. Such payments shall be made in terms of the US dollar. The rate applicable shall be the average rate throughout the financial period (Jean Bastien 2012). This payment shall be remitted on the last day of the third month following the audit of the financial statements of the company (Gardner 2012). The audit work should be done by a multinational audit firm preferably Price Waterhouse Coopers due to its good reputation. c of the audit work, an auditor shall send an audit report to both licensor and licensee. The licensor shall grant exclusive production rights to the licensee hence it will be upon the company to develop the product line and engage in any profit making business (Fox 2008). In case of increased sales and profits of the company, the rate of compensation to the licensor shall be adjusted appropriately. Quality control measures shall be instilled in the production. This will be enhanced through employment of qualified staff with high levels of competence. Appropriate checks and balances shall also be put in place in order to prevent any misappropriation of the organizations resources. Standardization of the products shall also be ensured due to the uniformity of the production technology applied by the company (Fox 2008). There shall be no warranties given to the product consumers except where there is proof that the product has not been used by the client. Such sales return shall not be accepted after a period of five working days following the date of sale. A licensee shall not be entitled to sublicense or transfer of the license to a third party who is not privy to the contract (Thorpe Bailey 2009). Such actions shall be viewed as a breach of the original contract rendering the licensee liable for damages caused by such a breach. The amount to be paid shall be the full amount of profits made as a result of such a sublicensing agreement. This agreement shall render any prior agreements made regarding licensure null and void (Fox 2008). No other subsequent licensing agreement shall be entered into that will rank more superior to the current agreement. Such an agreement does not however result into any partnership or joint venture between the licensor and the licensee. No contractual obligation exists that binds the parties to proceed with business beyond the duration of the licensure (Gardner 2012). The licensor shall not receive any property and ownership of the company during or after the duration of the contract. Goodwill arising fro m the license agreement shall be tested for impairment under IAS 36 and the appropriate amount charged to the income statement. In case of disputes, resolutions shall be done through negotiations. Agents shall represent both the licensor and the licensee. Failure to reach an agreement shall lead to a court case in a bid to resolve the conflict. All parties are obliged to adhere to the laws governing licensing contracts in order to avoid conflicts (Fox 2008). Appropriate measures should be put to avoid the conflicts in future. Legal experts from both sides shall be involved in the interpretation of the licensing law in order to avoid any risks of misinterpretation of the statutory provision. Termination of the contract shall be based on the expiry of the duration of the contract (Gardner 2012). Other grounds for termination shall be based on breach of the contract by any of the parties as well as by a court order (Levy Judy 2011). In the event of such a termination, all the dues owed to any party shall be settled. Licensing agreements and appropriate legal procedures that should be followed are thus instrumen tal to the success of a business.

CF&F in Light of the Aforementioned Areas Research Paper

CF&F in Light of the Aforementioned Areas - Research Paper Example A need arose to change management of the organization. The following are some of the problems: Training for the hourly employees and the management – after the promotion of the frontline supervisors, none of them received any managerial development training. The management of the company has been promising the hourly employees that they will get training and promotion but this has never happened. They are now afraid that the management is not adhering to the company policies. Communication – there is lack of communication in the organization. The absence of communication is felt all over the organization, that is, between the managerial positions and between the management and the employees. Teamwork – teamwork lacks in the organization. This can be ascertained by the allegations raised by both the frontline supervisors and the employees. The employees allege that the frontline supervisors do not offer them enough training. On the other hand, the frontline supervisors allege that the upper management does not support and respond to the concerns raised. There are a number of causes of the mentioned problems. These causes stem from the past management, for example, the frontline supervisors were promoted within the company and the once promoted, they did not receive any management development training, the management has been promising the hourly employees that they will get training and promotion but this has never been fulfilled, the management of the company has not been adhering to the company policies and they are forcing the employees to follow the policies, this has made the employees feel resentment, the lack of training among the employees is attributed to the fact that the frontline supervisors are overwhelmed by the production schedule.